Postgres -> ClickHouse

This guide is a copy/paste-ready starting point for loading data from Postgres into ClickHouse with dpone.

Status: Batch ETL supported

Type profile: postgres_to_clickhouse_analytics_v1 (applied at Postgres extract via sink-aware schema mapping). Vendor-live evidence uses a wide typed fixture (dpone_src → ClickHouse dpone_it) and covers Docker Postgres → ClickHouse strategies full_refresh, incremental_append, incremental_merge, replace, partition_replace, snapshot_diff, scd2, and backfill via tests/integration/postgres/test_postgres_to_clickhouse_vendor_live_integration.py. snapshot_diff / scd2 use staging-first ClickHouse finalizers (default lightweight_delete_insert; see docs/feature-design-clickhouse-snapshot-diff-scd2-v1.md). See Route live wide certification.

Vendor-live IT (manual)

docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.integration.yml up -d postgres clickhouse
export DPONE_RUN_INTEGRATION=1 DPONE_RUN_INTEGRATION_LIVE=1
uv run pytest tests/integration/postgres/test_postgres_to_clickhouse_vendor_live_integration.py -q

When to use this path

Use this path when Postgres is the system of record or ingestion boundary and ClickHouse is the landing, warehouse, event-log, or downstream replication target.

Copy/paste manifest

# yaml-language-server: $schema=../../src/dpone/schema/etl-batch-manifest.schema.json
kind: dpone.batch.v1

defaults:
  name: postgres_to_clickhouse_example
  source:
    type: postgres
    connection_id: postgres_source
    options:
      batch_size: 50000
      export_format: csv
  sink:
    type: clickhouse
    connection_id: clickhouse_analytics
    table:
      schema: analytics
      name: orders
    strategy:
      mode: incremental_merge
      unique_key: order_id
      merge_policy: lightweight_delete_insert
      duplicate_policy: fail

quality:
  gates:
    - id: source_target_rows
      type: row_count_reconciliation
      severity: error
      tolerance:
        mode: pct
        value: 0.1

schemas:
  public:
    tables:
      - orders

Run it locally:

dpone plan examples/source-sink/postgres-to-clickhouse.yaml --format md
dpone run examples/source-sink/postgres-to-clickhouse.yaml

The checked source file is examples/source-sink/postgres-to-clickhouse.yaml; CI compares its parsed YAML with this block.

If you change the strategy to full_refresh and empty output is invalid, row-count reconciliation is not enough: it can pass a 0 source / 0 target comparison. Add an explicit non-empty target gate:

quality:
  gates:
    - id: target_min_rows
      type: min_rows
      side: target
      threshold: 1
      severity: error

Supported load strategies

These rows describe public runtime contracts, not certification of this exact source, sink, transport, schema-evolution mode, and runtime combination.

Strategy	Status	Notes
full_refresh	Supported	Uses staging first, then applies the target-specific finalization plan.
incremental_append	Supported	Uses staging first, then applies the target-specific finalization plan.
incremental_merge	Supported	Default merge_policy: lightweight_delete_insert; shadow_swap supported; mutation_delete_insert is explicit opt-in and non-recommended.
replace	Supported	Uses staging first, then applies the target-specific finalization plan.
partition_replace	Supported	Replaces target partitions represented by staging partition.column; see Load strategies for native/fallback paths.
snapshot_diff	Supported	Requires a complete bounded snapshot and unique_key; applies the configured diff/delete policy.

See Load strategies for the detailed algorithm for each strategy. Postgres xmin boundaries and CDC are source capabilities, not load strategies. Select them explicitly through supported source configuration; their state advances only after sink success. Certify the exact CDC route and environment before enabling it.

Runtime algorithm

ClickHouse implements StagedLoadPort, so this route records governance_finalization=pre_finalize. Blocking gates evaluate projected staging rows before target finalization; a failure aborts and cleans staging without advancing source state. See Load governance.

flowchart TD
    A["Resolve manifest and registry entries"] --> B["Create Postgres source"]
    B --> C["Plan bounded extract"]
    C --> D["Read through server-side cursor or partitioned range scan"]
    D --> E["Emit ExtractResult with schema and artifact"]
    E --> F["Plan schema evolution"]
    F --> G["Create ClickHouse staging or event batch"]
    G --> H["Load into run-scoped ClickHouse staging"]
    H --> I["Run blocking quality gates against staging"]
    I --> J["Apply ClickHouse finalization strategy"]
    J --> K["Advance state only after success"]

Strategy behavior

• full_refresh: extract the selected source boundary, load into staging, and replace the target according to the target's safe finalization path.
• incremental_append: extract only the incremental boundary and append rows through staging or event production.
• incremental_merge: load into staging, validate duplicates, then use lightweight_delete_insert by default; shadow_swap and guarded mutation_delete_insert are explicit policies.
• replace: reload a bounded predicate window through staging and then atomically replace the matching target slice.
• snapshot_diff: compare a complete current source snapshot with the target by unique_key, then apply the configured insert, update, and delete policy.
• partition_replace: extract a complete partition slice, load it into staging, and replace only partitions represented by partition.column.

Snapshot reconciliation is separate from the load strategy. Runtime planning reports that capability as reconciliation.mode=snapshot; in the official dpone.batch.v1 authoring schema, enable it with reconciliation: true.

Schema evolution and type mapping

Schema evolution is enabled by default and runs before the staging/final load path:

1. Read source schema from ExtractResult.schema.
2. Introspect the ClickHouse target schema.
3. Apply safe additions and widening operations.
4. Fail breaking changes by default.
5. If configured, route incompatible type changes to __dpone__nc__<column>.

Use Schema evolution and Type mapping matrix when adding columns or changing source types.

Self-service golden path

Copy-paste CJM for the checked-in example (wide vendor-live certified route):

dpone doctor --profile local
pip install "dpone[clickhouse,postgres]"
dpone plan examples/source-sink/postgres-to-clickhouse.yaml --format md
dpone schema type-matrix --source postgres --sink clickhouse --format md
dpone run examples/source-sink/postgres-to-clickhouse.yaml

Landing convention (vault/GitOps-oriented): examples/batch/landing_postgres_to_clickhouse.batch.yaml.

See Route live wide certification for the maintainer vendor-live IT evidence path (SKIP ≠ PASS).

Runbook

1. Start with dpone doctor --profile local and fix missing extras or native clients.
2. Run dpone plan examples/source-sink/postgres-to-clickhouse.yaml --format md and review source boundary, staging path, schema evolution, state, and quality gates.
3. Run a small bounded window first.
4. Inspect the run artifact under .dpone/runs/postgres_to_clickhouse.
5. For incremental jobs, verify state before enabling a schedule.
6. For delete-aware jobs, run reconciliation in report-only mode before enabling physical deletes.
7. Promote the manifest through GitOps after the plan and artifact are reviewed.

Cross-links

• Source -> sink matrix
• Load strategies
• Schema evolution
• Type mapping matrix
• Reconciliation and CDC
• Performance guide

Type contracts and physical design

This flow supports the shared dpone type-governance stack:

• Type inference for source metadata, sampled profiling, confidence, and empty string vs NULL behavior.
• Schema contracts for explicit logical column types, enforcement modes, and __dpone__nc__* variant columns.
• Physical design for target-specific DDL such as concrete SQL types, indexes, partitioning, compression, ClickHouse LowCardinality, and BigQuery clustering.

Use dpone schema infer --manifest ... and dpone schema physical-plan --manifest ... before enabling new table DDL in production.